TYPES OF HERNIAS
What is the Inguinal Hernia?
The groin is the region that is located in the lower abdomen on either side of the midline at the limits of the abdomen with the thigh.
This inguinal region can present several types of hernias, depending on the specific site where they occur, hence, they are called direct or indirect inguinal hernias, mixed inguinal hernias, femoral or crural hernias, inguinoscrotal hernias, obturator hernias; pointing out that all of them are inguinal hernias.
They are usually caused by intense physical exertion, strong and long-standing cough, chronic efforts to urinate and / or defecate, smoking, being overweight and, mostly, if there is a genetic influence.
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What is Umbilical Hernia?
The umbilical hernia develops in the navel; it is the second in frequency of hernias of the abdomen. It is favored by pregnancies, being overweight, intense efforts and weak abdominal muscles.
Umbilical hernia affects both genders equally and its prevalence rate is 4-5% in adults. To make the diagnosis of umbilical or navel hernia, it is enough to observe the umbilical scar that protrudes as if it were a “bump” or “chipote” that deforms it to a greater or lesser degree.
Some patients report that the umbilical hernia started when they felt something break in the navel with exertion. They always tend to grow larger and occasionally cause pain or may become complicated. The need for x-ray or ultrasound studies to diagnose it is very rare.
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What is Hiatal Hernia?
Hiatal hernia is also known as hiatal hernia, diaphragmatic hernia, gastroesophageal reflux hernia. It is located at the level of the "pit of the stomach", inside and behind the lower region of the sternum, it is favored by overweight, sudden and intense efforts and some inappropriate eating habits.
The frequency of hiatal hernia in Mexico is 1-3% in adults and affects men twice as much as women, although this proportion has tended to equalize in recent years.
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What is a Lateral Abdominal Wall Hernia?
Lateral hernias of the abdominal wall are rare, occurring in less than 1% of the adult population. Depending on their location, they appear on both sides and a little below the navel or very lateral to it.
They have different names such as: Spiegel's hernia, Grynfeltt's hernia, Petit's hernia or lumbar hernias.
The causes of its appearance are due to congenital, traumatic reasons, due to previous surgeries in some lateral area of the abdomen, due to some type of injury to the lateral nerves of the thorax or abdomen, due to extreme obesity or weakness of the lateral muscles of the abdomen.
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What is Epigastric Hernia?
The epigastric hernia appears in the midline, above the umbilicus. It affects more men than women with a ratio of 3: 1 and its incidence is less than 1% in the adult population.
Epigastric hernia is favored by intense and constant exertion, obesity or by diseases that increase intra-abdominal pressure such as chronic cough, constipation, difficulty urinating and repeated pregnancies.
Epigastric hernia is an increase in volume or tumor that appears in some area of the midline above the navel, generally asymptomatic, although on rare occasions pain may appear at the site of the hernia when carrying out moderate or intense effort.
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What is a Strangulated Abdominal Hernia?
The groin is the region that is located in the lower abdomen on either side of the midline at the limits of the abdomen with the thigh.
This inguinal region can present several types of hernias, depending on the specific site where they occur, hence, they are called direct or indirect inguinal hernias, mixed inguinal hernias, femoral or crural hernias, inguinoscrotal hernias, obturator hernias; pointing out that all of them are inguinal hernias.
They are usually caused by intense physical exertion, strong and long-standing cough, chronic efforts to urinate and / or defecate, smoking, being overweight and, mostly, if there is a genetic influence.
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What is the Incisional Hernia?
Incisional hernia, also called post-incisional hernia, vertical hernia, or postoperative hernia. It is known that about 12% of abdominal operations develop incisional or vertical hernia and that some of these cases require more than one reoperation.
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